The dispute’s roots lie in the vague border demarcation under the Franco‑Siamese Treaty of 1907. Moreover, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rulings in 1962 and later reaffirmed in 2013 over the Preah Vihear Temple reignited tensions over sovereignty between the two nations.
A series of violent confrontations occurred from late May to late July, involving gunfire and airstrikes that left dozens dead and hundreds of thousands displaced. On July 28, a ceasefire was brokered in Malaysia. (Source: The Guardian)
Post‑ceasefire, landmine-related injuries persisted. In August 2025, a Thai soldier was injured near the border—Thailand accused Cambodia of planting mines in violation of international law, while Cambodia denied it, claiming these were remnants of older conflicts. (Source: Reuters)
Both governments have leveraged social media and state media to conduct aggressive information campaigns. Analysts believe Cambodia has gained ground in narrative control, while Thailand’s response has been criticized for disorganization. Meanwhile, China has called for dialogue and ASEAN/UN have been urged to hold emergency talks. (Source: Reuters)
The repatriation of Cambodian workers has severely strained Thailand’s labor market. The government has begun recruiting foreign laborers from countries such as Sri Lanka to fill the gaps. (Source: Reuters)
Beyond bilateral politics, the conflict affects regional geopolitics. China’s increasing influence, ASEAN cohesion, and broader regional security are at stake. Moreover, nationalism and national identity continue to shape political narratives within both countries.
The convergence of historical disputes, continuing landmine dangers, information warfare, and economic consequences make lasting peace elusive. Moving forward, preserving the ceasefire, ensuring transparent information, enhancing international cooperation, and exploring legal mediations—including ICJ involvement—are essential.
For further in-depth analysis and future developments, please visit the FIXIO Blog.
This article provides a neutral and fact-based report on the 2025 Thailand-Cambodia border conflict. The content is based on reliable sources and public data, without endorsing any particular stance.
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